Multiple-series system of electrical distribution



(No Model.)

, F. B. BADT.

MULTIPLE SERIES SYSTEM GP ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

Patented Mar. 30, 1897.

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UNITED STATES PATENT CFEICE.

FRANCIS B. BADT, CF CHICAGC, ILLINOIS.

MULTIPLE-SEMES SYSTEM ELCTRCAL. lESTRIBUTION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters patent No. 579,556, dated March S0, 1897.

Application tiled January 25, 1897. Serial No. 620,643. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS B. BADT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State ot Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in Multiple-Series Systems of Electrical Distribution, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to multiple-series systems of distribution of electricity; and its object is to provide means for e'ltecting a prompt adjustment ot" the electromotive force of the generator upon a variation in potential between a compensating and a main conductor, as, for instance, such a variation as is occasioned by the shert-circuiting of a branch of the multiple-series system.

By means of my invention the translating devices remaining in circuit with the generator are protected against abnormal current which would cause their injury or destruction when a short circuit occurs between a compensating conductor and a main conductor.

Systems of multiple-series distribution may be divided into two general classes, namely, those in which both the main and the compensating conductors extend from a divided source of electricity, and those in which the main or distributing conductors only extend from the source of electricity which is not divided, but in which the compensating conduetor does not return to the source of energy. In systems of this latter class compensatin devices are associated with the main and compensating conductors to maintain a balance between the branches of the system. Dynamos or resistances may be used for compensating devices to preserve a balance ot' the potential between the compensating and main conductors when a distortion of the load occurs. My Patents No. 557,099, dated March 81, 1896, and No. 558,924, dated April 2S, 1896, are examples ot the latter class of multiple-series systems of distribution in which the compensating conductor does not return to the source of energy. It is to this latter class of multiple-series systems of distribution that my invention is peculiarly applicable; and it consists in the provision of an automatieally-operative means or device for promptly reducing the electr-emotive force of the main generator upon a variation in potential between a main and a compensating conductor, as upon the sudden removal of a branch el' the system from circuit with the generator.

One embodiment of my invention may be described as consisting in providing electr0- magnetic means or relay mechanism comprising, in a multiple-series system, two electromagnets in the case of a three-wire system, connected one in each branch between the compensating conductor and the mains with resistance in the Ieldcircuit of the generator, which resistance is normally shunted by means of the aforesaid electromagnetic relay mechanism. It either ot' said magnets should become deenergized, as upon the establishment et an accidental short circuit between a compensating and a main conductor, the shunt controlled by the magnets would be broken and the resistance would be cut into the held-circuit, thereby reducing the electromotive force of the generator at once. The resistance is preferably adjusted so as to reduced the eleetromotive force upon a three-wirev system one-half.

I will explain my invention more particularly by reference to the-accompanying drawin g, which illustrates my invention as being applied to a three-wire system.

Two generators c of are shown connected between the main conductors h and h,which extend to the district to be supplied with current. Between the main conductors l) band a neutral conductor h2 two groups of translating devices c c and c c' are connected. The generators are illustrated as being of the shunt-wound type, in the field-circuits whereof are included the usual lield-rheostats d CZ' and adjustable resistances c et, these latter resistances being' provided for reducing the electromotive force, as will be hereinafter specified. The coilf' of a relayfis connected between the main conductor b and the neutral compensating conductor Z/while the coil g ot the relay (j is connected between said compensating conductor and main h. The

relays j" and g are provided with armatures f2 g2, having normal contacts f g3, united by a conductor, and alternate contacts f4 gt, like- IOO vwise electrically united.

The armatures carry insulated contact portions f5 g5, which are grounded. Vhen the armatures are drawn against their normal contacts f3 g3, a shunt-circuit h 71, having its terminals in said armatures, is completed about the resistances c c'.

When the translating` devices are actively in circuit with the generator, the relays fand g are energized and the shunt-circuit 7L 7L thereby completed about the resistances e c. It' now an accidental shunt of low resistance or short circuit, as t, be established between a main conductor, as b, and the compensating conductor, the magnet fwill be deencrgized and the shunt 7L 7i, jointlycontrolled by relays f and g, broken, thereby throwing the resistances e c into circuit with the fields of generators a a', whereby the electromotive force is reduced to the capacity of the translatin g devices in the remaining active branch of the system. To convey an indication ot the abnormal condition of the injured branch of the distributing system, l extend a conductor from the alternate contacts fAl g4 to a battery Z and grounded bell m, the circuit through said bell being closed when either armature f2 g2 is released by way of either alternate contact and a grounded portion It is desirable to also indicate the side of the system that has been injured, for which purpose l connect pilot-lamps n n', between the mains b b', respectively, and the compensating conductor. These pilot-lamps are illuminated during the normal operation of the system, but illumination of the pilotlamp corresponding to abranch that is shortcircuited ceases.

I have illustrated diagram matieally two compensating devices p q in the form oi' manually-controlled rheostats for maintaining a balance between the branches of the system.

As to the state of the art, reference is had to my Patent No. 487,816, issued December 13, 1892.

In starting the system of my invention it is desirable to cut out the resistances e c until the electromotive force has been brought up to the required value,whereupon said resistances are cut in. The shunt 7L 7L having been completed by magnets f g, however, these resistances have no effect during the continuance of the shunt. The resistances e e in the form of my invention herein described are preferably so adjusted as to reduce the electromotive force about one-half.

It is obvious that many means may be employed for practicing my invention and that my invention is applicable to multiple-series systems of electrical distribution having more than three wires.

The generators employed may be of any other well-known type than that illustrated. The extraneous resistances e e may be associated with the `generators or the working circuit in a manner other than that set forth. The electromotive force of the generator may be reduced in accordance with my invention by the use of other means than extraneous resistance.

ln other respects l have omitted the description of details and the enumeration of many modifications which may be made without departing from the spirit oi my invention.

Having, however, fully set forth one manner o'f practicing my invention and the construction ef one type of apparatus for ellecting the operation of my improved system, I claim and desire to secure by these Letters Patent, together with all such modiiications as may be made by mere skill and with only the limitations expressed or by law implied in View of the state of the related arts, the following:

l. In a system ci' multiple-series distribution, the combination with main and compensating conductors, of an undivided source of electricity from which the main conductors are led, and means adapted to respond automatically upon a variation in potential between a compensating and a main conductor to reduce the electromotive force of the generator, substantially as described.

2. ln a system of multiple-series distribution, the combination with main and compensating conductors, of a generator from which the main conductors only are led, and means adapted to respond automatically upon the establishment of a short circuit between a main and a compensating conductor to reduce the electromotive force oi' the generator, substantially as described.

3. ln a system of multiple-series distribution, the combination with main and compensating conductors, of a gcneratorfrom which the main conductors only are led, and electromagnetic means adapted to respond upon a variation in potential between a compensating and a main conductor to reduce the electromotive force of the generator, substantially as described.

a. In a system of multiple-series distribution, the combination with main and compensating conductors, of a generator from which the main conductors only are led, and electromagnetic means adapted to respond upon the establishment ol' a short circuit between a main and aeompensating conductorto reduce the electromotive force of the generator.

5. ln a system of multiple-series distribution, the combination with main and compensating conductors, of a generator from which the main conductors only are led, a resistance for reducing the elcctromotive force of the generator, and means for including said resistance in circuit with the generator, said means being adapted to respond upon a variation in potential between a compensating and a main conductor to include said resistance in circuit with the generator, substantially as described.

(i. In a system of multiple-series dist-ribution, the combination with main and compensating conductors, of a generator from which ICO IIO

IZO

the main conductors only are led, a resistance for reducing the eleotromotive force of the generator, and means for including said resistance in circuit with the generator, said means being adapted to respond upon the establishment of a short circuit between a main and a compensating conductor toinclude said resistance in circuit with the generator, substantially as described.

7. In a system of multiple-series distribution, the combination with main and compensating conductors, of a generator from which the main conductors only are led, a resistance for reducing the electromotive force of the generator, and relay mechanism for including said resistance in circuit with the generator, said relay mechanism being adapted to be actua-ted upon a Variation in potential between a compensating and a main conductor to include said resistance in circuit with the generator, substantially as described.

8. In a system of multipleseries distribution, the combination with main and compensating conductors, of a generator from which the distributing-conductors are led, a resistance for reducing the electromotive force of the generator, a shunt about said resistance to normally remove it from circuit with the generator, and means for breaking said shunt,

'said means being' adapted to respond upon a variation in potential between the compensating and a distributing conductor to break the shunt, substantially as described.

9. In a system of multiple-series distribution, the combination with main and compensating conductors, of a generator from which the main conductors are led, a resistance l'or reducing the electromotive force of the generator, a shunt about said resistance to normally remove it from circuit with the generator, and means for breaking said shunt, said means being adapted to respond to a short circuit between a main and a compensating conductor to break the shunt, substantially as described.

10. In a system of multiple-series distribution, the combination with main and compensating conductors, of a generator from which the main conductors are led, a resistance for reducing the electromotive force of the generator, a shunt'about said resistance to normally remove it from circuit with the generator, and electromagnetic means for breaking said shunt, said electromagnetic means being adapted to respond upon a variation in potential between the compensating and a main conductor to break the shunt, substantially as described.

Il. In a system of multiple-series distribution, the combination with main and compensating conductors, of a generator from which the main conductors are led, a resistance for reducing the electromotive force of the generator, a shunt about said resistance, relay mechanism comprising electromagnets connected in series multiple with. the main and compensating conductors adapted to break said shunt, said relay mechanism bei ng adapted to respond to a short circuit between amain andthe compensating conductor to break the shunt, substantially as described.

l2. In a multiple-series system of electrical distribution, the combination with main and compensating conductors, of a generator from which the main conductors only are led, means for reducing the electromotive force of the generator, a shunt-circuit governing said means, and electromagnetic means for controlling said shuntcircuit adapted to respond upon the establishment of a short circuit between a main and compensating conductor to alter the condition ci' said shunt-circuit to reduce the electromotiye force of the generator, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

FRANCIS B. BADT.

XVitiiesses:

GEORGE L. Gnade, JOHN W. SINOLAIR. 

